Complacency—Not Hubris—Is What Killed the Roman Republic
Over the Years, Democratic Norms Quietly Eroded, Not Unlike in Today’s America
Representative democracies have wildly different life expectancies, but they tend not to live long.
Democratic governments have existed for more than 2,500 years, but most democracies have historically failed to survive more than a generation. Indeed, the strongmen whose policies are currently warping the democracies that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s in Turkey, Hungary, and the Philippines are similar to the ancient tyrants who seized control of young democratic regimes in ancient Syracuse and Cyrene.
When a representative democracy makes it through its first generation without falling into tyranny, political norms …